Australian History

Brief Introduction
Much had changed in Australia since its original inhabitants known as the Australian Aboriginals living in complex social systems, with a tradition that reflects a strong relationship with soil water and the environment. Since that time until the arrival of the first European explorers, the convicts, free settlers and the more recently arrived immigrants, Australia has experienced periods of depression, war and political scandals; create a dynamic cities and legends of 'the bush' (inland) as well ' Aussie battler '(fighters Australia); providing new life for people from all over the world; and has decreased and cultural revival of the original population.


History Before the 20th century
Australia's original inhabitants, known as the Australian Aborigines, have the longest cultural history of the world, since the last glacial epoch. Although the mystery and debate obscures many aspects of Australian prehistory, it is generally recognized that the first humans traveled across the sea from Indonesia about 70,000 years ago.

Europeans began to explore Australia in the 16th century: first the Portuguese navigator, followed by Dutch explorers and entrepreneurs as well, followed by the English pirate William Dampier. Captain James Cook sailed through the entire length of the east coast in 1770, stopping at Botany Bay in the middle of his journey, and shortly later he claimed the continent for England and named it New South Wales.

In 1779, Joseph Banks (a naturalist in the fleet of Captain Cook) proposed a way for England can overcome the density problem in its prisons by sending convicts to New South Wales. In 1787, the first fleet set sail for Botany Bay, comprising 11 ships and 750 men and women inmates. This fleet arrived on January 26, 1788, but soon moved north to Sydney Cove, which owns the land and water better. For these newcomers, New South Wales is hot, loud and bad, and the threat of starvation haunt this colony for many years. For governments struggling against nature and full of pressure, people are forming a new Australian culture became the foundation of the legend 'Aussie battler'.

Within a few decades later, came the free settlers who were attracted to Australia, but the discovery of gold in 1850-anlah that permanently change the colony. Large immigrant flows, and several large gold discoveries encourage economic growth and changing social structures in the colony. Aboriginal people forcibly displaced from their tribal lands, while the settlers seized the land for farming or mining.

In the late 19th century, many people who glorify the outback or 'the bush' (ie the region far from the city) and its people. Great forum for 'nationalism outback' is a very popular Bulletin magazine. The pages were filled with humor and sentiment of everyday life and is the author of the famous outback legend Henry Lawson and 'Banjo' Paterson.

Twentieth Century History
Nagara when Australia became a federation of the separate colonies formed on January 1, 1901. Australian troops fought alongside the British in the Boer War and the PDI. This country hit hard by the Depression, when prices for wool and wheat (two main products in the economy) fell. In 1931, nearly a third of a breadwinner becomes unemployed, and poverty was widespread. However, in the year 1933, the Australian economy began to recover. When WWII broke out, Australian army also fought alongside the British in Europe, but the United States who helped protect Australia from the advancing Japanese air forces, with their defeat in the Battle of the Coral Sea.

After WWII came the flow of immigration from Europe, which made a great contribution to the country, revive the culture and broadens the view of Australia. Post-war era was a boom time in Australia, because of the high demand for raw materials. Australia followed the United States in the Korean War, and in 1965 sent troops to help U.S. in the Vietnam War, though support for Australian involvement is not comprehensive. The problem for many youths in Australia is compulsory military adopted in 1964.

Riots due to military conscription was one factor rising Australian Labor Party (Labor Party) to the level of power in 1972, under the leadership of Gough Whitlam. Whitlam Government of Australia's troop withdrawal from Vietnam, eliminating the cost of higher education and national service, implementing the health care system that is free and available to the public, and to support land rights for Aboriginal people.

However, this government got opposition from the Senate and the development issues of mismanagement. November 11, 1975, the governor-general (representing the British monarch in Australia), dissolved parliament and form a caretaker government led by the chairman of the Liberal Party, Malcolm Fraser. This step will be the first conducted by the governor general. The Liberal party's conservative coalition with National Homeland Party wins the next election. New Labour government back in 1983, when former union leader, Bob Hawke, won his party.


Australia's modern history and contemporary
Having served for 11 years in government, the Australian Liberal Party led by John Howard did not re-elected in elections 2007.Dari Labor Party, Kevin Rudd was sworn in as Prime Minister for Australia's number-26 on 3 December 2007.

Australia has a two-tier system of parliamentary government, based on the Westminster system. There are three levels of government: federal, state and local levels. The federal parliament consists of the Council of Representatives (House of Representatives) and Senate. The party that occupies most of the seats in the House of Representatives will set up a government. For more information, visit the web site http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-government

In the last half of the 20th century, a part of Australian culture and history of the lesser known began to emerge and gain wider recognition, especially through art, literature and film, and as a result, the icons 'battler' become increasingly less relevant. Immigrants bring stories, cultures and myths of their own, to mingle with those of colonial Australia. There's also the long-awaited recognition, namely the Australian Aborigines are the true fundamentals of the definition of national culture today.

'Great Australian Dream' of a house, which began in the golden era in the 1950s, continued and resulted in massive suburbanisasi Australian cities, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne. Australian architecture today does not really have a distinctive style, and trends from abroad often dominate large development projects. In many ways, building a 'modern' the most interesting is actually a recycled Victorian building or from another era. Yet still there are exceptions, and the famous, among others Convention Centre in Darling Harbour Sydney, Melbourne Museum and Cultural Centre at Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park in the middle of Australia, which was designed in consultation with the traditional owners of such nature preserve. Melbourne's Federation Square complex, with sharp geometric shapes, reflecting the challenging modern architecture, right in the heart of the city.

The current economic soundness is evident from the relatively high Australian dollar, increased trade with China and several high profits and a record of local businesses. All this coupled with inflation and low unemployment figures. However, the downside is the country's trade deficit increased to $ 20 billion, household debt average is soaring and housing prices in urban centers are increasingly unaffordable.

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